Nellore , India

Nellore
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For the district with the same name, see Nellore district.
?Nellore
Andhra Pradesh • India
Nellore
Coordinates: 14°26′N 79°58′E / 14.43, 79.97
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
Area
• Elevation
• 19 m (62 ft)
District(s) Nellore
Population 378,947 (2001)
Coordinates: 14°26′N 79°58′E / 14.43, 79.97
Nellore(Telugu:నెల్లురు) is a city located in Andhra Pradesh, India. It is also the headquarters of Nellore district. It is of strategic commercial importance as it lies between the cities of Vijayawada and Chennai. It is located on the banks of Pennar river.

Nellore is an important telugu city from the time of Tikkana, famous telugu poet to present day politics. The city setup the stage for formation of the Andhra Pradesh state. It is famous for its rice breed and its cuisine.

Contents [hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Geography
3.1 Climate
4 Economy
5 Government and Politics
6 Transport
7 Demographics
8 Industrial Development
9 Projects in progress
10 Culture
11 Places of worship
12 Education
13 Media
14 Sports
15 Trivia
16 Mandals
17 References



[edit] Etymology
As Nellore famous for its high [paddy] yields, it was named after the word 'nelli', which in [Tamil language|Tamil] means paddy. The city was then known as Vikrama Simhapuri and was the capital of Manumasiddhi of Nellore Cholas. There are many beaches around Nellore.


[edit] History
Nellore was part of the composite Madras state until October 1, 1953. On November 1, 1956, when the states were reorganized on a linguistic basis, the district was transferred to Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, a Telugu patriot and activist from Nellore fasted to death for formation of the Andhra Pradesh state.

Nellore was a historically an important Telugu city. It was under the Pallavas, Cholas, Chalukyas, Kakatitayas and Vijayanagara empire in its history. The city was most famous in 13th century, when Tikkana Somayaji translated Mahabharat into Telugu. The city was then known as Vikrama Simhapuri and was the capital of Manumasiddhi of Nellore Cholas. Tikkana, also a minister in the court of the king ManumaSiddhi, developed friendly relations with mighty Kakatiya kings with his poetry and was instrumental in getting military support from Warangal for his king. Molla, the second Telugu poetess had also written Telugu Ramayan here.Later it became part of the nawabs of Arcot who ruled from Vellore and was known as part of circars. Till 1911 it was part of Guntur district which later became Nellore. Venkatgiri has several old temples and a hilltop fortress with a grand view.


[edit] Geography
Nellore city is located at 14°25′N, 79°58′E.[1] It has an average elevation of 18 metres (62 feet).

It is frequently affected by cyclones. In summer, water is extremely scarce. Its surrounding districts are Ongole,Cuddapah,Chittoor andVellore.

It has the Bay of Bengal coast along its eastern periphery, Ongole to the north, Cuddappah to the west and Chittoor to its southern direction.

Along the western edge of the district are hills of the Eastern Ghats, bordering the Cudappah district. The Red Sanders tree is found in this region


[edit] Climate
Winter: January and February
Summer: March to May
South West Monsoons - June to September
North East Monsoons - October to December
The Maximum temperature is 36-46c during summer and the minimum temperature is 23-25c during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700-1000 during monsoons. the town is notorious for humid climate.It sweats continously and outsiders get exasperated with the situation.The rainy season and winter start late than the rest of the state.


[edit] Economy
The city is the main shopping centre for cloths, furniture,electronics, health needs, jewels etc. The Main assets of Nellore are its Businessmen, Nellore(during 1950s to 1990s) once was the best exporting capital of Mica to countries such as UK as well. Most of the wealthy people settled in other states like Tamilnadu, Karnataka and even the Andhra pradesh's capital Hyderabad are from Nellore. India's best contractors have their roots in Nellore.The city makes revenue mainly from cloth emporiums, movie theatres, nellore cuisine restaurants and hotels, hospitals and educational coaching centres.

Nellore has very less number of industries biggest being a small(Nippo )Batteries factory, Apache(recently started leather shoes factory) and Thermal power plant.(Thermal power Plant is now closed for ever) Nellore district is called the "Shrimp capital of India" due to is high production of cultured shrimp.


[edit] Government and Politics
Nellore is the head quarters of the district. It contributes to one seat is state legislature and one Indian Parliament seat.

Amarajeevi Potti Sriramulu undertook a fast-unto-death for achieving the state of Andhra and losing his life in the process is from Nellore.The city of Nellore attained the status of a Municipal corporation in 2004.Nellore is politically active in modern Andhra history.

Nedurumalli Janardhana Reddy Ex CM(1991-93) hails from Venkatagiri of Nellore District.

Nellore is currently represented in AP State Legislative Assembly by Anam Vivekananda Reddy.

Nellore is currently represented in Indian Parliament(Lok Sabha) by Panabaka Lakshmi.

Previous MLA's who represented Nellore in chronological order.

Name Party Term
Khandavalli Krishna Rao and Swarna Vemaiah Independents & Double representation 1952 - 55
Anam Chenchu Subba Reddy Congress 1955 - 62
G.C. Kondaiah Congress 1962 - 67
Annadata Madhava Rao Jan Sangh 1967 - 72
Anam Venkata Reddy Congress(I) 1972 - 77
K.V. Subba Reddy Congress(I) 1978 - 83
Anam Ramanarayana Reddy TDP 1983 - 85
K.V. Subba Reddy Congress(I) 1985 - 89
Jakka Kodandarami Reddy Independent 1989 - 94
Tallapaka Ramesh Reddy TDP 1994 - 99
Anam Vivekananda Reddy Congress(I) 1999 - 2004
Anam Vivekananda Reddy Congress(I) 2004 - Running


[edit] Transport
A main national railway line passes through Nellore. The National Highway 5 passes through Nellore. The nearest international airport is about 170 km south in Chennai. The city can be reached from all major south Indian cities like Hyderabad, Chennai or Bangalore by bus or train. Nellore has more than 140 mini buses serving the people for their daily needs.originally it was part of MSM railway which later became part of southern railway and is now part of south central railway.


[edit] Demographics
As of the 2001 Indian census,[2] Nellore has a population of 378,947 (agglomeration 554,922). Both males and females constitute 50% of the population. Nellore has an average literacy rate of 72%, 76% for males and 68% for females, higher than the national average of 59.5%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.


[edit] Industrial Development
The handloom sector is a small scale industry and next to agriculture by the number of people depend on it. Venkatagiri and Patur are important handloom centres in the district noted for their traditional handcrafted fine cotton and silk sarees embrodied with pure zari.

The following are major industries located in [Nellore] District

SDSC-SHAR (Satish Dhawan Space Center - SriHarikota High Altitude Range) located in SriHarikota, Nellore Dt.
Kovur Thermal Power Plant (defunct)
Nellore Nippo Batteries factory
Acqua and fisheries throughout the district
Mica Mines in Gudur and Sydapuram mandals
Adidas Apache in Tada Nellore dt.
work in progressKRISHNAPATNAM THERMAL POWER PLANT(AP GENCO)-1600mw
work in progressULTRA MEGA THERMAL POWER PLANT(CENTRAL GOVT)-4000mw
work in progressKRISHNAPATNAM PORT TRUST
Krishnapatnam is a major port and market center situated at a distance of 20 km from Nellore City. The port is hoped to become a world-class deep water port. Iron ore and granite are being exported from KrishnaPatnam to other countries like China. One Railway line links it with Venkatachalam on main railway line. Tada is at a distance of 80 km from Nellore with new industrial ventures like the Adidas factory and Tata's Leather park.


[edit] Projects in progress
An International Leather park will start working soon at Krishnapatnam. A railway line is being constructed from Krishnapattanam to Obulavari palle to link up this port with Mumbai Railway line. Construction of one Ultra Mega Power Projects with the capacity of 4000 MW each at Krishnapatnam is going on. Recently Central government gave clearance to IFFCO fertilizer factory at Regadi Chelika near Nellore. Central government is also planning to setup a 'Petro Chemical Terminal' at Krishnapatnam. Air Deccan is going to setup an airport near Nellore city. Construction work of two textile parks at Menakur near Venkatagiri/Nayudupet will start soon.


[edit] Culture
Telugu is the most spoken language while rice and seafood are the most consumed food in Nellore. Nellore is practically divided into two halves by the railway lines which are interconnected through under bridges. These are completely blocked during heavy rains, causing problems.

Nellore hosts a bunch of three star hotels including the oldest one, Simhapuri. Cinemas (Movie theatres) in Nellore are popular in the state to have better quality. Nellore is known for having the high density of health care providers. People's Polyclinic, previous known as Ramachandrareddy Hospital and Jayabharath Hospital serve poor people. Most notable hospitals are St. John's Hospital, Bollineni Super Speciality HospitalBollineni Eye Hospital and ABM Hospital (American Baptist Hospital).


[edit] Places of worship
Ranganadha Swamy Temple in Nellore-More than 600 years old, this temple is situated on the banks of the river Pennar and is marked by a huge 29 m tall Galigopuram with seven gold kalasams and its architectural splendour. The annual Rath Yathra of the God is a much awaited ritual in Nellore.
Jonnavada Kamakshamma temple Situated 8 KM from nellore, this temple is a famous siva temple with kamakshamma and vinayaka and subrahmanyeswar swamy.there are only two kamakshamma`s temples in world and this is one. corerct place to mention" nepal`s royal family are devotees of kamakshamma Godess and there is no kamakshamma`s temple in nepal"
Narasimha Swami Temple situated 13kms from nellore, is situated on top of the Narasimha Konda. It is also called Veda Giri. It is believed that the Lord Venkateshwara had set his holy feet on top of the hill. It is also believed that great Saints performed Yagas and other spirutual rituals on top of the hill.
Sri Raja Rajeshwari Ammavari Devasthanam, Nellore- Sri Arul Jyoti Nataraja Murthy Swamy of Sri Arul Jyoti Nataraja Murthy Swamy Ashram Pitadhipathi wished to have a temple for Sri Devi. In 1968 Sri Ratna Swamy Mudiliar built this temple. Every year, the Dussehra festival is celebrated with great pomposity.
Sri Venugopala Swamy Devasthanam, Moolapet, Nellore-Built in 1883. The presiding deity of the temple is Sri Rukmini Satyabhama Sametha Sri Venugopala Swamy. The idols are in black ...
Sivalayam, Moolapet, Nellore is also one of the Oldest temple in Nellore. The Shivrathri celebrations in the temple are worth mentioning. The huge Ganesha idol in front of the temple is probably the biggest in the region.
The Irukalala Parameswari Temple is located just after moolapet on the way to Jonnavada. This Goddess is the Gramadevatha of Nellore. Special rituals are performed here on every Friday and Sunday.
Krishna Mandir, Kondayapalem Gate, Vedayapalem Road, Nellore. Consecrated by Sri Ganapathi Sachchidananda Swamiji, Mysore in 1994. The central and main shrine of Lord Krishna is flanked on the right by Ganapathy Shrine and to the left by Dattatreya Shrine. Sri Swamiji had named the Datta as NAM Dattanatha Temple. In January 2003, Sri Swamiji also consecrated Karya Siddhi Hanuman and Ashtha Lakshmi Shrines. Every Friday Ashtha Lakshmi is decorated with golden saree.
Bhagavan Sree Sree Sree Venkayya Swamy Temple (Golagamudi) located at less than 20km from Nellore town is very famous one.
Someswara Temple and Dam, Somasila located around 80kms from Nellore town. The temple is very famous and ancient one built during the times of Sri Krishna Devaraya ( around 400 yrs old ). Somasila Dam is the biggest in Nellore Dist built across river Penna providing Water for agriculture and driniking purposes to the District. This place is one of the best picnic spots in Nellore Dist with a beautiful reservoir, hydraulic power generators and an ancient temple.
PenchalaKona Narasimha Swamy Temple is also very famous which usually visited by more number of people.
Udayagiri Fort Located 96 km from Nellore, is the site of a mighty fortress built by the Vijayanagar Kings in the 14th century. A towering peak can be seen here.
Venkatagiri Fort Located 70 km from Nellore, is a fortress built by the Venkatagiri Rajas
Rahmatabad is one of the most visited place in nellore. It has the Tombs of some famous spiritual personalities like Nayab-e-Rasool (sarkar, ACA:'Babajaan') and his wife Maa Habiba (ACA:'Ammajaan'). Thousands of believers visit the place each year during the months of June-July the time when celebrations take place. Believers see miracles happen to them. This is also one of the places (like in jonnawada mentioned above) where the spiritual personalities exorcise people possessed with demons.
Muthayalamma Devasthanam,It is in East kanupur and it is 40 km from nellore. It is most popular in Nellore and also in A.P. Its very Traditional & its very powerful goddess "muthyalamma".in that village one festival is there named "MUTHYALAMMA JATHARA"Its very popular in A.P.And also its very famous for chennai people. Every year its coming in the month of March. In that time R.T.C will arrange special buses for that festival.if u see the festival in that time its very traditional & they will do in different way its very good
Gaalipalem is also famous for Venkaiah swamy near to Yeturu

"Saibaba Mandir" - A recent addition to the highlights of Nellore is the Saibaba Mandir at Saraswathi Nagar (off Balaji Nagar, close to the National Highway). The speciality of this mandir is the Sri Shirdi Saibaba idol, which shows infinite number of images in the parallel glass structures.

Sri Vengamamba Perantalu Devastanam Sri Vengamamba Perantalu Devastanam is more than 300 years old temple, this temple is situated in the village of Narrawada, dutttalur mandalam in nellore district and famous as a wish-satisfier goddess in the surrounding areas. The festival conducted in the months of June and July is very famous and visited by more than 5 lakhs Pilgrims from all over Andhra right from Srikakulam to Cuddapah. The festival celebrated in the month of June and July is called as Sri Vengamamba Tirunala. Pilgrims has a strong belief that Goddess Sri Vengamamba as their wish-satisfier.this temple is very famous in ANDHRA PRADESH - INDIA.
Simhapuri Dharmika Trust is an organization sprouted from the seed of the Hindu Culture and Indianism. This proves it self in the last five year course of action that it could serve the nellorians to recall in the religious pool and pious thinking of Indian literature and culture. This Organisation started few years back, but registered in the year 2006 intending to perform the Vedic ritualistic activities and conducting Vedantic Discourses as well as the social service among the poor and needful people without any difference of cast and creed.
LEF Church, founded by Late Mr. N.Daniel now headed by his son Dr. Joshua Daniel was established in Nellore in the year 1971.The church is near the A.C.Stadium.

[edit] Education
Venkatagiri Raja College,(Accredited by national assesment and acreditation councel NAAC- with B++ grade very recently indicating the value based education it is imparting)ST joseph eng med school, Veda and Sanskrit College, C.A.M High School,P.N.M High School, ABM High School and RSR Municipal High School are the oldest educational institutions in Nellore. They were originally affiliated with either Madras University or Andhra University. The colleges are now part of S.V. University. Another college located in Nellore is Sarvodaya College. There are now hundreds of schools and colleges.

Nellore has been famous in the state since 1985 for its abundance of coaching centers to various streams like engineering, medical and IIT, at the level of plus 2 (popularly known as intermediate education). Pioneers among the private educational institutes are Ratnam, KORA and Narayana. KORA had been acquired by Ratnam. Ratnam has been acquired by Narayana.Narayana group of institution[www.narayanamedicalcollege.com/]include Narayana medical college, college of pharmacy, college of nursing and super speciality hospital, Narayana Engineering college, narayana intermediate colleges and narayana concept schools. And also kutty college is famous for B.ed coaching people from different districts join in this coaching center


[edit] Media
It has a list of local newspapers such as Zaminryot, Lawyer, Nellore News and Nagarabheri. Though most of them were swept away by the main state newspapers like Vaartha, Eenadu and Andhrajyothy, only Zamin Ryot and Lawyer still remain popular.


It is one of the few districts in Andhra Pradesh to have a fully updated and functional website www.nellore.co.nr

Nellore has its own share of web like nelloretown.com, nellore.com as nelloreans are becoming tech savy more and more websites are coming each day to provide information on this southern district of andhra pradesh.


[edit] Sports
Cricket is the most played and well watched sport. Badminton and Volleyball are also played in schools. Indoor sports like chess and carroms are also played. All the sports events are held at A.C.Stadium